Software & Systems

Articles of journal № 4 at 2022 year.

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11. Unification of a data presentation model and format conversion based on a non-relational Neo4j DBMS [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Eremeev, A.P. , Paniavin N.A.
Visitors: 2394
Nowadays, due to the digitalization concept, a lot of software tools have appeared, including those using ar-tificial intelligence methods that process large data streams (big data) of varying degrees of complexity. Voice assistants, chat bots, search recommender systems not only use incoming up-to-date data, but also store and analyze changes in this data, the number of which is constantly growing. Under the conditions of a combinatorial explosion hazard, the multidimensional modeling problems, the efficient requests processing, and the necessary information extraction arise. This article presents the analysis of the possibility of increasing the efficiency of multidimensional OLAP modeling and temporal data extraction based on built-in software components offered by the non-relational DBMS Neo4j. The choice of a graph DBMS is due to the absence of the need to strictly fix the da-ta structure at the initial stage, as well as on the flexibility of the data presentation structure itself, which can change as new information becomes available. Making changes to strict pre-fixed relational table views is an expensive operation. The typical way to store temporal data (time moments and intervals) is to store timestamps as node at-tributes. At the same time, this option for storing and handling events may not be effective enough in the case of a large dimension of the data representation. The experimental results have shown that the graph of a multidimensional data cube can be projected onto the coordinate axes in the form of separate temporal slices, where the abscissa axis displays the event start time, and the ordinate axis displays its end time. Additional axes, if necessary, can be introduced to de-termine the cause-effect relationship of processes occurring simultaneously in time. At the same time, the rules of Allen's temporal logic will be supported. The paper considers the possibility of unifying the representation model of the internal data structure of varying complexity based on graphs.

12. Evaluating the capabilities of classical computers in implementing quantum algorithm simulators [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Zrelov P.V., Ivantsova O.V., Korenkov V.V. , N.V. Ryabov, Ulyanov, S.V.
Visitors: 2156
Modern quantum devices have severe limitations in the number of qubits, which limit the width and depth of the quantum circuit and have strong noise processes that make it difficult to obtain correct results. It is also necessary to design quantum circuits for a particular quantum device taking into account the coupling be-tween qubits and to apply quantum error mitigation. It is possible to avoid these problems using classical computers to simulate quantum computation. Classical computers are used both for quick testing of hy-potheses before running on quantum devices and for solving real-world problems. The paper describes the process of designing and efficient modeling of quantum algorithms, approaches to developing quantum search algorithms, Grover's algorithm. Qiskit and QuEST quantum simulators were used to study the efficiency of using a supercomputer to simulate quantum circuits on CPUs and GPUs using the example of the quantum test circuit and Grover's algorithm. This paper describes a quantum phase esti-mation algorithm, which is a basic unit in some quantum algorithms of quantum computational physics and chemistry. The algorithm is simulated using NVIDIA's newest cuQuantum quantum simulator. It allows efficient simulation of quantum circuits on GPUs using multiple GPUs, which significantly increases speed and allows the quantum phase estimation algorithm to be executed with sufficient computational accuracy. The paper also notes the difficulties when simulating different algorithms using a large number of qubits or circuit depth.

13. A software platform demonstrator for configuring ANFIS neural network hyperparameters in fuzzy systems [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Ivanov V.K., Palyukh B.V.
Visitors: 1835
This article describes the research demonstrator for experimental verification and evaluation of fuzzy algo-rithms and neural networks in an expert system for complex multi-stage technological processes. The de-monstrator development purpose is to create a scientific and technical foundation for the ready-to-implement solutions transfer to the next project stages. The demonstrator allows assessing the readiness level of the components being developed, conducting re-search tests, checking the operability and efficiency of the software implementations functioning proposed at various parameter values and their combinations. A complex multi-stage technological process state di-agnostics involves the joint primary data processing to obtain probabilistic abnormal critical events or inci-dents characteristics under conditions of uncertainty. The authors propose a way of using a fuzzy neural network, which is trained with data generated by be-lief functions. The approach makes it possible to significantly speed up calculations and to minimize the re-source base. The article focuses on describing the neural network models and training datasets management, neural network training and quality control, the technological process diagnostics in various modes. The con-figurable hyper-parameters of the neural network are described in detail. There are examples of the diagnos-tic procedures implementation in various modes. It is shown that with the software diagnostic system func-tioning in conditions close to real, the initial assumptions concerning the time reduction for detecting and predicting incidents can be verified and experimentally substantiated. In addition, the technological chains sets that are the incidents causes can be more accurately determined.

14. Implementing a system for searching for illegal financial services on the Internet based on a microservice architecture [№4 за 2022 год]
Author: Kochnev A.A.
Visitors: 1452
Due to the development of modern society digitalization, most of the financial transactions including fraud-ulent ones have moved to the Internet. When providing services remotely, it is more difficult to track down and hold the beneficiary accountable, but still there are ways to stop fraudulent activity. However they are due to high labor costs for monitoring and analysis, because huge amounts of unstructured information (BigData) are located on the Internet. At the heart of the solution to identify illegal activities in the financial market is intelligence based on open information sources including data search and collection for their sub-sequent analysis. The research subject area is methods of detecting fraud in the financial services market on the Internet. The paper raises the problem of organizing effective monitoring and detection of illegal financial activity cases under the conditions of digitalizing ways of providing services. The paper focuses on the issue of iden-tifying Internet resources on which financial services offers are placed without a license from the Bank of Russia. The paper proposes an approach to solving the problem of monitoring the provision of illegal finan-cial services in terms of searching and collecting thematic text data from the Internet based on a micro-service architecture using Apache Kafka distributed message broker software. The author presents an algo-rithm for searching and downloading data from Internet resources based on the proposed approach. The developed approach to searching and collecting data from thematic Internet resources has shown acceptable results and will be used as a microservice in the developed system of automated monitoring and detection of illegal financial services on the Internet.

15. Aspect extraction from scientific paper texts [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Marshalova A.E., E.P. Bruches , Batura T.V.
Visitors: 1779
The paper focuses on the problem of automatic aspect extraction from the texts of Russian scientific pa-pers. This problem is relevant due to the increase in the number of scientific publications and the growing need for automated extraction and structuring of key information from them. The study involved the creation of a corpus consisting of 291 abstracts of Russian scientific papers an-notated with the following aspects: task, goal, contribution, method, tool, use, advantage, example, and conclusion. The paper provides descriptions and examples for each aspect. As a result of the corpus annota-tion, 1494 aspects were identified with 44 % of them were the contribution aspect. In addition, the paper proposes an algorithm for automatic aspect extraction. The paper considers the aspect extraction problem as a sequence-labeling problem. The BERT neural network is used to implement the algorithm. The authors have conducted a number of experiments related to the use of vectors obtained from various language models, as well as to freezing the weights of the model. A multilingual model fine-tuned on our data, that is, trained without freezing of the weights, has shown the best result. To improve the quality of aspect extraction, some heuristics, which are listed in the paper, have been developed, and the model has been further trained on the new data obtained from automatic labeling followed by manual edit-ing. The developed system can be useful to other researchers, as it simplifies selection of publications on a particular topic, review of methods for solving a particular problem, and analysis of results obtained in other works.

16. Implementing some of the Mantevo project applications on the OpenTS DMPI platform [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Osipov V.I., Matveev G.A., Roganov V.A.
Visitors: 1467
OpenTS is a system for parallel programming that supports dynamically loaded adapters for a communica-tion layer. The OpenTS system implements a T++ language for parallel computing, which is an extension of the C++ programming language. The syntax of the T++ language differs from the syntax of the C++ lan-guage by adding several keywords to it. The OpenTS system assimilates many other parallel programming technologies: a special shared memory model, a model of distributed threads and objects, distributed gar-bage collection, and, finally, a high-level language add-in, which is a technology unique in its characteristics to support maximum compatibility with traditional languages in syntax and semantics, but at the same time an effectively parallelizable computing model. The OpenTS system uses its own MPI implementation designed as the OpenTS DMPI dynamic library (Dynamic MPI). The OpenTS DMPI library provides a basic subset of functions from the MPI standard ei-ther by redirecting calls to the local MPI library installed on the target system, or on top of the TCP/IP proto-col. When initializing the OpenTS system, the DMPI subsystem is activated. This subsystem dynamically loads the local MPI library that is specified in the application environment variables. The developers of the OpenTS system implemented some of the MPI functions directly. The Mantevo project includes several parallel applications that implement algorithms for solving some partial differential equations: a molecular dynamics simulator, a simulator of linear electronic circuits and other applications. The paper briefly describes the implementation of the MiniAMR, MiniMD, MiniFE and MiniXyce appli-cations from the Mantevo project on the OpenTS DMPI library and compares the effectiveness of such im-plementation with the original MPI version of the application.

17. Organizational problems of implementing flexible approaches in the applied software development [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Sayapin, O.V., Tikhanychev, O.V., Bezvesilnaya, A.A.
Visitors: 2067
The article analyzes and considers the features of cascade and flexible approaches to organizing applied software development for automated control systems, their positive aspects and disadvantages. The most critical shortcomings are the increase in development time and poor interaction between a customer and a developer when using the cascade approach. At the same time, the existing regulatory documents define this approach as the main one. The use of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis provides obtaining quantitative and qual-itative estimates in terms of time and the expected result of using cascade and flexible approaches in soft-ware development. Based on the results of comparing the obtained estimates, the authors make a conclu-sion that a replacement of the cascade approach with a flexible one could be a rational solution. At the same time, the analysis of regulatory and technical documentation showed that the use of flexible ap-proaches in developing application programs is hindered by existing organizational problems associated not only with the regulatory requirements, but also with the complexity of coordinating the work performed by distributed teams of performers. Based on the results of the analysis of a typical process of developing ap-plication software for automated control systems, the authors formulate proposals on possible options for replacing cascade approaches with flexible or combined ones. The novelty of the proposed approach is in its complexity. Its implementation will allow building a de-velopment system that will increase the interest of all participants in the process as a result and implement this system through a process of continuous specification of requirements.

18. Designing a decarbonising closed-loop Nature–Technology control system [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: R.I. Solnitsev , G.I. Korshunov , Lei Wang
Visitors: 1706
This paper considers carbon dioxide emissions from both energy and industrial enterprises in order to build a decarbonising closed-loop Nature–Technology control system based on the example of Beijing, PRC. Along with the known approaches to achieve atmospheric decarbonisation, the paper proposes an alter-native approach to solving the problem based on a closed-loop Nature–Technology control system. Math-ematical models and basic approaches to the analysis and synthesis of a closed-loop Nature–Technology control system are proposed for the combination of energy and industrial enterprises as a basis for develop-ing an appropriate automated process control system. The analysis and parametric synthesis of controls ac-cording to these models is based on mathematical modelling. In this case, the main criterion is to minimise CO2 emissions. The paper considers the construction of such a system as a part of energy and industrial en-terprises, which might be applied to different types of production. The paper gives the stages of designing the main subsystems and links of the closed-loop Nature–Technology control system, which generates control and is implemented in the form of automated process control system. Final control regulators - filters, chem-ical adsorbers, catalysts and others are applied depending on the facility. This paper considers the natural fuel sources of the energy enterprises causing the highest CO2 emissions (coal, natural gas, etc.). As every fuel source is different in metric units and carbon content, this paper con-verts each source to standard coal with conversion factors. There are results on the status and prospects of the environmental situation regarding CO2 emissions in Beijing, PRC, estimates of energy consumption limits from energy and industrial enterprises. Based on the modelling of the proposed multidimensional control sys-tem, the authors propose a solution to the problem of minimising CO2 emissions for a combination of indus-trial enterprises and energy source enterprises (Thermal Power Plant). Taking Beijing, PRC as the example, the paper shows the possibility of fundamentally solving the problem of minimising CO2 emissions by im-plementing the considered decarbonising control system based on modern hardware and software modules automated process control system and an appropriate knowledge base.

19. Semiotic network editing software for robot control systems [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Sorokoumov P.S., M.A. Rovbo
Visitors: 1506
The problem of processing data structured as a graph is important for applications in many domains, includ-ing natural language text processing. For voice control of a robot, command interpretation is based on matching between semantic networks that describe a robot’s world model and a received instruction. The simplest and most understandable way for an expert to describe such matching process is a system of infer-ence rules that determine constructs recognizable for a robot in the results of the semantic analysis of text. Since the existing processing tools and methods are either overly complex or do not support the debugging of complex rule systems well enough, there is a need in a special solution. The proposed software tool for network data processing facilitates the development of such inference rules for modifying a world model. The joint representation of data and their processing methods is imple-mented within the framework of a semiotic approach, which has signs that combine information about the state of entities in the real world and possible changes in this state as the main entities of the model. Applica-tion of the semiotic approach to organizing a rule-based system allows linking data and rules within a single world model of an intelligent agent. Providing a user with a rationale for the decisions made in the form of easily interpretable lists of applied parameterized rules facilitates extension, debugging and maintenance of the system. The developed software can also be useful in other domains where it is convenient to describe the system state modification by logical inference.

20. Developing an adaptive training system for an engineering discipline [№4 за 2022 год]
Author: Tagirova, L.F.
Visitors: 1721
The paper is devoted to the development of an electronic educational system for an engineering discipline that includes adapted educational material taking into account the distinctive features of each student. The novelty of the proposed approach is the organization of the adaptation process based on using the concept of a student’s status reflecting the knowledge proficiency level regarding the discipline and the formation of student’s personal characteristics. The adaptation process consists in selecting the optimal ver-sion of the material that corresponds to the individual characteristics of a student as much as possible. An expert system based on an odd model of knowledge representation is used as a tool for determining the status of a student. During the expert system operation, the characteristic is compared with the rules of fuzzy knowledge base products. The Mamdani algorithm is used as the fuzzy inference algorithm. Based on the proposed algorithm, an adaptive training system has been developed to teach technical discipline to students and future IT specialists. Implementation of the proposed adapted system makes it possible to implement individual educational trajectories for each student and to form a personal space of educational content that adjusts to its level of material assimilation and personal qualities.

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